Jardins de Llevant, a 114-home residential complex in Palma, Spain, uses air-to-water heat pumps to produce domestic hot water, achieving a measured COP of 2.8 and using predictive control to optimise costs.
Jardins de Llevant is a residential complex comprising 114 homes and 9,831 m² in Palma de Mallorca (Spain), completed in 2022 as part of the Llevant Positive Energy District (PED). The building serves as a pilot within the ARV project to demonstrate centralised domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps in warm Mediterranean climates. Two outdoor air-to-water units, connected to six indoor hydronic modules in a cascade configuration, supply two storage tanks installed in series, typically operating at 50 and 55 °C. The system achieves a measured coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.8.
Monitoring through a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) platform enabled analysis of one year of operation between June 2024 and June 2025. During this period, DHW consumption was approximately 90,000 kWh of thermal energy, while the community was billed for around 80,000 kWh of electricity and benefited from approximately 20,000 kWh generated by the local photovoltaic installation. Circulation losses account for approximately 54% of heat pump production. In addition, the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) achieved estimated cost savings of 18% during a one-week trial in May 2025.
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