_{Source: europarl.europa.eu}

The European Union’s recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), published in May 2024, represents a landmark effort to reduce energy consumption across the continent’s building stock. As buildings account for approximately 40% of EU energy use, the directive sets ambitious targets to transform both new and existing structures into zero-emission assets by 2050. It introduces binding obligations for Member States to upgrade renovation strategies, enforce minimum energy performance standards, and phase out fossil fuel-based heating systems.

Central to the directive is the concept of lifecycle energy performance. New buildings must meet stricter energy demand thresholds and report their Global Warming Potential (GWP) over 50 years, using the EN 15978 standard. Renovation passports and National Building Renovation Plans (NBRPs) are mandated to guide long-term improvements, with a particular focus on the worst-performing buildings. These measures aim to ensure that energy efficiency gains are both deep and sustained, rather than superficial.

The EPBD also strengthens the role of Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), expanding their use and improving their reliability. Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) are introduced to compel upgrades in non-residential and residential buildings, with clear milestones set for 2030 and 2033. Public buildings are expected to lead by example, with annual renovation targets and mandatory solar energy deployment timelines. The directive also encourages smart energy systems and data interoperability to support efficient building management.

Finally, the EPBD links energy efficiency with financial instruments, urging Member States to mobilise public and private funding. It promotes green mortgages, energy performance contracting, and tax incentives to reduce upfront costs for citizens. By embedding energy efficiency into the heart of building policy, the directive not only addresses climate goals but also seeks to lower energy bills and improve living standards across Europe.