The growing frequency of heatwaves and the urban heat island effect is placing cooling at the centre of local climate policies. A report by Energy Cities explores how European cities can meet rising cooling demand while continuing to decarbonise their energy systems.

The document highlights that the energy consumption associated with cooling buildings is increasing rapidly and warns that solutions based solely on individual air conditioning systems may exacerbate both emissions and pressure on electricity grids. In response, it advocates combining fossil-free cooling technologies, such as district cooling networks, with urban planning measures, nature-based solutions and energy efficiency strategies.

Through examples from cities including Marseille, Vienna, Stuttgart, Valencia, Munich and Brussels, the report demonstrates how adapting to rising temperatures requires integrated approaches that connect energy, urban planning, public health and citizen participation. Its main conclusion is that sustainable cooling should not be viewed solely as a technological challenge but as a strategic issue for building cities that are more resilient, inclusive, and prepared for an increasingly warmer climate.