The revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) sets out a comprehensive framework to decarbonise Europe’s building stock by 2050. It introduces binding targets and timelines for Member States to improve energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and phase out fossil fuel heating systems. Ireland, like other EU countries, must transpose the directive into national law by May 2026.

Central to the EPBD is the requirement for each Member State to submit a National Buildings Renovation Plan by the end of 2025. These plans must outline strategies to renovate the worst-performing buildings, set measurable energy reduction targets, and detail investment needs. From 2028, all new public buildings must meet zero-emission standards, with the same applying to all new buildings from 2030.

The directive also mandates the calculation and disclosure of whole-life carbon emissions for new buildings, starting in 2030. This includes both operational and embodied carbon, aiming to promote the use of low-carbon materials and construction methods. Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) will be enforced for non-residential buildings, requiring the renovation of the least efficient properties by 2030 and 2033.

Further measures include the introduction of Building Renovation Passports, enhanced energy performance certificates, and solar readiness requirements for new and renovated buildings. Financial incentives and technical support schemes are to be expanded, with a particular focus on vulnerable households. The EPBD marks a significant shift in Europe’s approach to building energy efficiency, demanding coordinated national action and long-term planning.