Buildings, where people spend most of their time, significantly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions—around 40%. 

Experts highlight the necessity of enhancing building sustainability to address climate change and extreme weather. Technological advances, such as heat pumps and the harnessing of geothermal energy, are increasingly being used to improve energy efficiency. 

These heat pumps, once limited to warmer climates, now perform well in colder regions. Older buildings, many built before modern energy codes, often lack efficiency and insulation. 

As climate conditions become more extreme, buildings need to adapt to both severe heat and cold to remain functional and safe.