Smart buildings use automation, real-time data, and intelligent systems to optimise efficiency, adapt to changes, and improve occupant comfort.

Evolving from basic automation in the 1980s, modern smart buildings integrate technologies like IoT, AI, and Building Management Systems to enhance energy efficiency, sustainability, and user-centric design. These buildings use sensors and AI to monitor environmental conditions and adjust systems, reducing energy waste and operational costs. Despite their benefits, challenges include high initial costs, interoperability issues, data privacy concerns, and the need for specialised knowledge.

The future of smart buildings includes smarter energy use, AI integration, and improved connectivity for greater sustainability.