_{Source: Karpagam Architecture}

A recent review published in MDPI-Sustainability examines how buildings can be designed to use no more energy than they produce—so-called zero-energy buildings (ZEBs). As the construction sector remains one of the largest contributors to global energy use, the shift to ZEBs is seen as a vital step in tackling climate change.

The study outlines how better insulation, smart heating and cooling systems, and renewable energy sources like solar panels are helping buildings become more energy-efficient. It also highlights the growing role of artificial intelligence in managing energy use more precisely and reducing waste.

Importantly, the review stresses that people’s habits—such as how they heat their homes or use appliances—play a big part in a building’s energy performance. Looking ahead, the authors suggest that entire neighbourhoods could be designed as zero-energy communities, sharing clean energy and smart systems.

While the technology is already available, the paper concludes that wider adoption will depend on thoughtful design, better energy storage, and smarter ways to manage how buildings use and produce power.