Advanced building facades can reduce energy consumption through cutting-edge fabrication techniques that enhance solar and thermal heat management.
Luca Papapietro
Advanced building facades, including windows, walls, and roofs, are key to reducing energy consumption through heat management.
Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication techniques have enhanced the regulation of solar irradiation and thermal emission.
This review summarises various fabrication methods—such as coating, vapor deposition, nanolithography, printing, etching, and electrospinning—highlighting their recent developments, advantages, and disadvantages. It aims to guide future research in designing and improving energy-efficient materials for building facades with effective heat management properties.