This study, titled 'Synergistic integration of digital twins and zero energy buildings for climate change mitigation in sustainable smart cities: A systematic review and novel framework' explores the integration of Urban Digital Twins (UDTs) and Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) to enhance sustainability in smart cities. Despite progress, a unified framework is lacking, limiting their full potential.

The study reviews existing research and develops a novel framework that leverages artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), and cyber-physical systems to optimise energy efficiency, renewable energy integration, and carbon reduction.

UDTs enhance ZEB performance through real-time monitoring and predictive analytics, while ZEBs provide crucial data for UDTs.

Challenges such as technical, financial, and regulatory barriers remain. The study offers insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in sustainable urban development.