The paper, published on the MDPI Journal 'Buildings', explores how integrating various waste materials into cement mixtures can enhance sustainability in construction. 

By incorporating substances like pumice, coal slag, agricultural residues, and recycled rubber tires, researchers aim to improve the thermal insulation and durability of mortar and concrete. 

This approach not only reduces environmental impact by lowering carbon footprints but also leverages advancements in 3D concrete printing (3DCP) to minimise material waste and costs. 

The study investigates how these waste materials affect properties such as thermal behaviour, pore size reduction, and overall concrete performance. Ultimately, the research promotes a holistic approach to sustainable construction through innovative material use and waste management strategies.