Cement and concrete production generate pollution, health risks, and substantial carbon emissions, contributing about 8% to global emissions. The extraction of aggregate materials like sand for concrete production harms biodiversity and ecosystems. 

With increasing demand, especially in developing nations, mitigating these impacts is crucial. Solutions involve technological innovations, material substitutions, resource efficiency improvements, and circular economy strategies. 

Examples include electrifying cement kilns, low-carbon concrete, carbon capture, and bio-architecture with natural materials. These efforts aim to reduce the environmental footprint of the construction industry and preserve our remaining carbon budget.