Building operations account for 30% of global energy consumption, making buildings crucial to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which embed solar power systems within a building’s design, offer energy savings and reduce carbon footprints. 

BIPV solutions include solar roof tiles, facades, and windows. However, aesthetic concerns, such as the visual impact of traditional solar panels, hinder widespread adoption. 

Recent innovations in coloured solar technologies, like perovskite, dye-sensitised, and plasmonic cells, offer more visually appealing and efficient options. These developments make solar energy integration more attractive for architects and support sustainable, energy-efficient architecture.