The urgent need to address indoor air quality (IAQ) has become a pressing environmental concern, paralleling the efforts made against outdoor pollution. Studies reveal indoor pollutants can be up to five times higher than outdoor levels due to limited ventilation in enclosed spaces. This can lead to serious health risks, especially for vulnerable communities. Exposure to pollutants, including PM2.5 and pathogens, disproportionately affects low-income areas.

In the US, initiatives like the Clean Air in Buildings Challenge by the U.S. EPA aim to combat this issue, emphasising the importance of comprehensive efforts from governments, private sectors, non-profits, and individuals.

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