The 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29), held in Baku, Azerbaijan, addressed key challenges for cities, which are central to climate vulnerability and innovation. 

Urban areas contribute over 70% of global carbon emissions and face severe climate impacts. 

COP29’s outcomes include a commitment to mobilise $1.3 trillion annually for climate resilience, though the allocation for urban initiatives remains unclear. 

A breakthrough in international carbon credit trading offers cities a financial pathway for sustainability. COP29 emphasised renewable energy, nature-based solutions, and emerging technologies for urban resilience, but challenges remain in financing and fossil fuel phase-out. 

Cities must accelerate local actions for a sustainable future.