A 2024 report by the Architectural Association of Kenya (AAK) highlights critical urban planning challenges in Kenya. Only 20% of urban centres have secured development approvals, leading to unregulated construction and environmental issues. 

Many counties, including Nairobi and Mombasa, have failed to develop effective urban land use plans, resulting in problems like inadequate infrastructure, lack of green spaces, and environmental degradation. 

The report urges counties to prioritise long-term planning, noting that only 32% of counties have spatial plans in progress, with 40% still in the early stages. Urgent action is needed to address urbanisation and meet planning mandates.