When we think of concrete we think of buildings, but concrete is needed for so much more, from roads to sewers.

Concrete production poses significant environmental challenges, including pollution and carbon emissions. Cement manufacturing alone contributes 8% of global carbon emissions, while extraction of aggregate materials harms biodiversity. 

The industry is addressing these issues through energy efficiency, fuel substitution, and reducing cement clinker. Innovations like low-carbon concrete and waste utilisation show promise, alongside carbon capture technologies. 

Challenges persist in scaling these solutions, particularly in developing countries. Immediate actions include improving production methods and building design, with circular economy approaches offering potential for sustainable infrastructure development within planetary boundaries.