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The report, prepared for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Energy, Trinomics B.V, Poulin, F., Orator-Saghy, S., Rajal, B. et al., 'Analysis of barriers for innovative forms of solar PV deployment and associated recommendations – Final report'), analyses the barriers faced by five innovative forms of solar PV deployment in the EU: agrivoltaics, floating solar, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), and infrastructure-integrated photovoltaics (IIPV). Although all five face common challenges—such as unclear regulatory frameworks, complex permitting processes, and a lack of technical standards—the case of BIPV stands out due to its urban potential and specific obstacles.

BIPV, which transforms building elements such as façades or rooftops into solar generators, is hindered by fragmented regulation and, in many countries, the absence of a clear legal definition. This creates uncertainty for both developers and local authorities. Moreover, technical requirements—such as fire resistance, the use of glass, or aesthetic integration in protected environments—make approval particularly difficult, especially in historic city centres.

The report notes that while European standards such as EN 50583 exist, their application varies across Member States. Some, like France and Germany, have developed additional certification schemes, while others, such as Denmark, treat BIPV modules as electrical components, simplifying installation but raising concerns about structural safety.

Economic and social barriers are also identified: the lack of clear business models, difficulties in assigning responsibilities among trades (electricians, architects, installers), and limited specialised training. Countries like Switzerland and Germany have begun offering interdisciplinary training, but it remains insufficient.

To unlock the potential of BIPV, it is necessary to harmonise technical standards, simplify certification processes, adapt building codes, and promote professional training. In a context of increasing urban electrification, solar integration in buildings is not only desirable—it is strategic.