Published on the MDPI journal 'Sustainability', the paper titled 'Review of Existing Tools for the Assessment of European Building Stock Energy Demand for Space Heating and Cooling' explores various models and tools designed to assess energy demand in European buildings, focusing on space heating and cooling. 

It emphasises the importance of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the residential sector through energy efficiency and renewable technologies. 

The study provides a comprehensive overview of available tools, evaluating their usability, functionality, and application in real scenarios. 

It identifies strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement to guide future developments in supporting stakeholder aiming to enhance building energy efficiency.