The retrofit movement faces cost challenges but is essential for reducing energy and carbon emissions, requiring a holistic approach that balances active and passive solutions to future-proof buildings and meet evolving energy targets.

Energy poverty affects a significant portion of the EU population, prompting the EU to implement policies like the Green Deal and 'Fit for 55' to improve energy efficiency, reduce costs, and support vulnerable households through measures like the Social Climate Fund.

A Wärtsilä study highlights district heating's potential to decarbonise Europe by integrating flexible technologies like CHP engines and heat pumps, supported by government incentives.

Sustainable buildings reflect the global effort, including India’s commitment, to integrate eco-friendly design, construction, and operation, balancing functionality, efficiency, and environmental responsibility.