Ventilation plays a pivotal role in delivering comfortable and healthy indoor conditions to buildings’ occupants since both thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) are affected by ventilation. This article presents an overview of the metrics and the methods used to predict ventilation performance in buildings and of relevant EU policies and initiatives addressing the topic.

As the European Union strives to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, heat pumps have emerged as key players in decarbonising our buildings. These technologies exploit renewable energy sources, offering a cleaner and more sustainable alternative to traditional heating systems. The article provides an overview on EU policies, financial instruments, and EU-funded projects to facilitate the adoption of heat pumps in buildings and to overcome the current barriers.