Urban areas face critical challenges such as rising temperatures, pollution, and biodiversity loss, necessitating improved building and façade designs to enhance livability. 

This study systematically reviews 121 articles on façade design’s impact on urban environmental issues, focusing on materials, geometry, and vegetation. 

The review identifies that integrating vegetation into façades offers significant benefits across all environmental issues but may incur high maintenance costs. 

Geometric designs, like façade protrusions, can improve performance if well-planned. 

Material choices affect noise reduction, heat absorption, and biodiversity, with conflicting effects that must be balanced. The study highlights gaps in research, especially regarding biodiversity and air pollution, and emphasises the need for a holistic approach in building design to address multiple urban challenges effectively.