The 2024 UN-Habitat report, ‘Cities and Climate Action’, examines how cities can adapt to and combat climate change while sustainably supporting their populations, particularly the most vulnerable. In this context, the role of buildings is crucial: cities are both major victims and contributors to climate change, exposed to its impacts while generating substantial emissions. 

However, cities also present significant opportunities for climate action, offering solutions that address both adaptation and mitigation, while benefiting communities through poverty reduction, job creation, and improved quality of life. 

Energy-efficient buildings are key to this effort, as they can help cities decouple urban growth from increasing emissions. 

Compact cities with integrated transportation systems and energy-efficient buildings can be more sustainable than suburban areas. 

To maximise climate goals, cities must focus on inclusive, climate-responsive planning, particularly for vulnerable groups and informal settlements.